Şiirin ve Kahramanlık Destanının Doğuşu
45 80
Anahtar Kelimeler:
poetry, epic, genesis, Kazakh oral literature, heroic epic, shaman (bucks), storyteller (zhyrau).Özet
The article conducts a scientific analysis of the origin of poetry. On this issue,
scientific examinations of opinions were carried out in works published at different times, and
general patterns of the emergence of art as a whole were analyzed. Based on the research of
scientists, an analysis is carried out of the manifestation of everyday needs and fantasies of man in the early era, which were prerequisites for the birth and formation of arts, including poetry. It is scientifically postulated that collective labor actions during primitive community construction,
superstitions committed during the departure of hunters as a result of strong fear from the
mysterious forces of nature, actions during the period of expulsion of harmful dark forces caused
the rhythm of dance and melody. It is concluded that over time, these rhythms and melodies gave
rise to initial samples of poetry.
The genesis of the Kazakh heroic epic is associated with the emergence of poems. Poems of
praise to hunters, forms of poetry reflecting heroic campaigns, served as the basis for the birth of
epic.
An analysis of works related to personalities who created early poetic samples and a heroic
epic was carried out. In Kazakh folklore, conclusions related to the history of the emergence and
formation of types of shaman (bucks) and storyteller (zhyrau) are differentiated. The attitude of
bucks and zhyrau to the formation and development of the heroic epic is comprehensively analyzed and generalized scientifically.
Referanslar
Байтұрсынов А. Әдебиет танытқыш. Зерттеулер мен өлеңдер. – Алматы: Атамұра, 2013. – 206 б.
Евсеев В.Я. Исторические основы карело-финского эпоса. – М.-Л.: Изд. АН СССР, 1960. – 341 с.
Плеханов Г.В. Искусство и литература. Т. 2. – М.: Гослитиздат, 1958. – 667 с.
Жирмунский В.М. Теория стиха. Введение в метрику. – М.: Ленанд, 2023. – 319 с.
Плисецкий М.М. Историзм русских былин. – М.: Высшая школа, 1962. – 240 с.
Косвен М.И. Очерки по истории первобытной культуры. – М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1953. – 214 с.
Аристотель. Этика. Политика. Риторика. Поэтика. Категории. – Минск: Литература, 1998. –
с.
Пропп В.Я. Русский героический эпос. – М.: Миф, 2023. – 800 с.
Өмірәлиев Қ. XV–XIX ғасырлардағы қазақ поэзиясының тілі. – Павлодар: Торайғыров атындағы
университет, 2010. – 305 б.
Тұрсынов Е. Қазақ әдебиетін жасаушылардың байырғы өкілдері. – Алматы: Ғылым, 1976. –
б.
Бартольд В. Сочинения. Том V. – М.: Наука, 1968. – 194 с.
Қазақ әдебиетінің тарихы. І том, 1-кітап. – Алматы: Қазақ ССР Ғылым. Академиясының баспасы,
– 368 б.
Формозов А. Памятники первобытного искусства. – М.: Наука, 1966. – 136 с.
Смирнова Н.С. Казахская народная поэзия. – Алма-Ата: Наука, 1967. – 134 с.
Исмайылов Е. Ақындар. – Алматы: Қазақтың мемлекеттік көркем әдебиет баспасы, 1956. – 340 б.
Айымбетов К. Каракалапкские народные сказители: Автореф. дисс. ... док. филол. наук. –
Ташкент, 1965. – 28 б.
Әуезов М. Әдебиет тарихы. – Алматы: Ана тілі, 1991. – 240 б.
Сманов Б.Ө., Абдимомынов Е.Б., Куттыбаев Ш.Д. Қазақ поэзиясының генезисі мен эволюциялық
даму жолдары (көне дәуірден ХХ ғасырға дейін) // Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-дың хабаршысы,
«Филология» сериясы. – 2020. – №4 (74). – Б. 306–313.
Ибраев Ш. Түркі эпосының поэтикасы мен типологиясы (қазақ батырлық жырлары негізінде). –
Астана: Сарыарқа, 2012. – 333 б.
Қоңыратбай Т.Ә., Қоңыратбай Қ. Өткен дәуір ойшылдары қаһармандық эпостың танымдық
табиғаты туралы // Ясауи унверситетінің хабаршысы. – 2021. – №1 (119). – Б. 183–197.
Baitursynov A. Adebiet tanytqysh. Zertteuler men olender [Literary critic. Research and poems]. –
Almaty: Atamura, 2013. – 206 b. [in Kazakh]
Evseev V.Ia. Istoricheskie osnovy karelo-finskogo eposa [Historical foundations of the Karelian-Finnish
epic]. – M.-L.: Izd. AN SSSR, 1960. – 341 s. [in Russian]
Plehanov G.V. Iskusstvo i literatura [Art and Literature]. T. 2. – M.: Goslitizdat, 1958. – 667 s. [in
Russian]
Jirmunski V.M. Teoria stiha. Vvedenie v metriku [Verse Theory. Introduction to Metrics]. – M.:
Lenand, 2023. – 319 s. [in Russian] 5. Plisecki M.M. Istorizm russkih bylin [Historicism of Russian epics]. – M.: Vysshaia shkola, 1962. – 240
s. [in Russian]
Kosven M.I. Ocherki po istorii pervobytnoi kultury [Essays on the history of primitive culture]. – M.:
Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1953. – 214 s. [in Russian]
Aristotel. Etika. Politika. Ritorika. Poetika. Kategorii [Arıstotel. Ethics. Politics. Rhetoric. Poetics.
Categories]. – Minsk: Literatura, 1998. – 1392 s. [in Russian]
Propp V.Ia. Russki geroicheski epos [Russian heroic epic]. – M.: Mif, 2023. – 800 s. [in Russian]
Omіraliev Q. XV–XIX gasyrlardagy qazaq poeziasynyn tіlі [The language of Kazakh poetry of the XV–
XIX centuries]. – Pavlodar: Toraigyrov atyndagy universitet, 2010. – 305 b. [in Kazakh]
Tursynov E. Qazaq adebietіn jasaushylardyn baiyrgy okіlderі [Indigenous representatives of the creators
of Kazakh literature]. – Almaty: Gylym, 1976. – 200 b. [in Kazakh]
Bartold V. Sochinenia [Essays]. Tom V. – M.: Nauka, 1968. – 194 s. [in Russian]
Qazaq adebietіnіn tarihy [History of Kazakh literature]. І tom, 1-kіtap. – Almaty: Qazaq SSR Gylym.
Akademiasynyn baspasy, 1948. – 368 b. [in Kazakh]
Formozov A. Pamiatniki pervobytnogo iskusstva [Monuments of primitive art]. – M.: Nauka, 1966. –
s. [in Russian]
Smirnova N.S. Kazahskaia narodnaia poezia [Kazakh folk poetry]. – Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1967. – 134 s.
[in Russian]
Ismaiylov E. Aqyndar [Poets]. – Almaty: Qazaqtyn memlekettіk korkem adebiet baspasy, 1956. – 340
b. [in Kazakh]
Aiymbetov K. Karakalapkskie narodnye skaziteli [Karakalpak folk storytellers]: Avtoref. diss. ... dok.
filol. nauk. – Tashkent, 1965. – 28 b. [in Russian]
Auezov M. Adebiet tarihy [History of literature]. – Almaty: Ana tіlі, 1991. – 240 b. [in Kazakh]
Smanov B.O., Abdimomynov E.B., Kuttybaev Sh.D. Qazaq poeziasynyn genezisі men evoliucialyq
damu joldary (kone dauіrden XX gasyrfa deiіn) [Genesis and evolutionary ways of development of
Kazakh poetry (from ancient times to the XX century)] // Abai atyndagy QazUPU-dyn habarshysy,
«Filologia» seriasy. – 2020. – №4 (74). – B. 306–313. [in Kazakh]
Ibraev Sh. Turkі eposynyn poetikasy men tipologiasy (qazaq batyrlyq jyrlary negіzіnde) [Poetics and
typology of the Turkic epic (based on Kazakh heroic songs)]. – Astana: Saryarqa, 2012. – 333 b. [in
Kazakh]
Qonyratbai T.A., Qonyratbai Q. Otken dauіr oishyldary qaһarmandyq epostyn tanymdyq tabigaty turaly
[Thinkers of the Past on the Cognitive Essence of the Heroic Epic] // Iasaui unversitetіnіn
habarshysy. – 2021. – №1 (119). – B. 183–197. [in Kazakh]
